Bezpe\u010dnost na v\u00fdletech nebo pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00fdch v\u00fdprav\u00e1ch souvis\u00ed s n\u011bkolika situacemi, kter\u00e9 bohu\u017eel b\u011bhem v\u00fdprav \u010das od \u010dasu nastanou. Probl\u00e9mem jsou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm podm\u00ednky prost\u0159ed\u00ed, a nejde jen o to, \u017ee se pot\u00e1p\u00edme na r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edstech r\u016fzn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o to, \u017ee tyto podm\u00ednky mohou b\u00fdt velmi prom\u011bnliv\u00e9, co\u017e n\u00e1s \u010dasto p\u0159ekvap\u00ed. K tomu se p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00e9 dovednosti, proto\u017ee \u010d\u00edm lep\u0161\u00ed jsou na\u0161e pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00e9 dovednosti, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00e1me tak\u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc s\u00edlu, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee v situaci m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edch se podm\u00ednek pomoci l\u00e9pe se s n\u00ed vyrovnat.<\/p>\n\n
Kdy\u017e si p\u0159e\u010dtete popisy v\u011bt\u0161iny pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00fdch nehod, bylo to bu\u010f b\u011bhem cel\u00e9ho ponoru, p\u0159ed nehodou, nebo v posledn\u00ed chv\u00edli p\u0159ed nehodou, kdy byl pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d s\u00e1m. To ukazuje, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edtomnost partnera je jednozna\u010dn\u00fdm bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm faktorem a pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed o samot\u011b toto riziko nehody v\u00fdrazn\u011b zvy\u0161uje. Zejm\u00e9na je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee ztr\u00e1ta v\u011bdom\u00ed pod vodou je pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dast\u00e1, a to i z hlediska nicm\u00e9n\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00fdch nehod. V takov\u00e9 situaci nem\u00e1 osamocen\u00fd pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d v\u016fbec \u017e\u00e1dnou \u0161anci, je nalezen ustaran\u00fdmi partnery z t\u00fdmu a\u017e po n\u011bjak\u00e9 dob\u011b a obvykle se ho nepoda\u0159\u00ed zachr\u00e1nit. Pokud je osoba s partnerem, probl\u00e9m obvykle vy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed hladk\u00e9 vyta\u017een\u00ed na povrch.<\/p>\n
\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
Sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e nehod<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n
Jak\u00fd je sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nehody\/nehody p\u0159i pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed.I.<\/strong>Pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d na pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00e9m v\u00fdlet\u011b v Chorvatsku se r\u00e1d obl\u00e9kal do v\u00fdstroje efektivn\u011bji ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed. Sko\u010dil do vody jako prvn\u00ed a pono\u0159il se n\u011bkolik metr\u016f, vlastn\u011b a\u017e na dno u z\u00e1di jachty, kde \u010dekal na zbytek t\u00fdmu. Byla to velmi mal\u00e1 hloubka. Osam\u011bl\u00fd ponor trval jen n\u011bkolik minut, co\u017e se jemu i lidem ve \u010dlunu zd\u00e1lo pom\u011brn\u011b bezpe\u010dn\u00e9. Jednoho dne se bohu\u017eel \u010dlenov\u00e9 skupiny setkali s pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dem, kter\u00fd po ponoru le\u017eel v bezv\u011bdom\u00ed na dn\u011b. Pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d bohu\u017eel ned\u00fdch\u00e1. Po vyta\u017een\u00ed se pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010de bohu\u017eel nepoda\u0159ilo zachr\u00e1nit. Jde jen o to, \u017ee tato \u010dekac\u00ed doba na reakci partner\u016f byla p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouh\u00e1.II.<\/strong>Situace je do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry podobn\u00e1 t\u00e9, kter\u00e1 byla pops\u00e1na d\u0159\u00edve. Tentokr\u00e1t Egypt. Pom\u011brn\u011b zku\u0161en\u00fd pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d s men\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159ebou vzduchu. Na konci ponoru se nevyno\u0159il se skupinou spole\u010dn\u011b. S je\u0161t\u011b pom\u011brn\u011b velkou z\u00e1sobou vzduchu v lahvi z\u016fst\u00e1val u dna na \u00fatesu, vlastn\u011b pod z\u00e1d\u00ed lodi, a plaval tam je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik minut. Kdy\u017e si jednoho dne po del\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b jeho partne\u0159i v\u0161imli, \u017ee se nevyno\u0159uje, vstoupili do vody a na\u0161li ho na dn\u011b v bezv\u011bdom\u00ed. V obou popsan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u011bli pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di v lahvi st\u00e1le vzduch, p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina ztr\u00e1ty v\u011bdom\u00ed nebyla p\u0159\u00edmo vysv\u011btlena. Ob\u011b nehody skon\u010dily smrt\u00ed pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010de.<\/p>\n
\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
Jak zlep\u0161it bezpe\u010dnost\/ zabr\u00e1nit podobn\u00fdm nehod\u00e1m<\/h2>\n\n
Zde je recept velmi jednoduch\u00fd, jen je t\u0159eba dodr\u017eovat d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pravidlo – nepot\u00e1p\u011bt se s\u00e1m. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou nehody nebyl nedostatek dovednost\u00ed ani probl\u00e9m s vybaven\u00edm. Probl\u00e9mem bylo poru\u0161en\u00ed jednoho d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9ho pravidla – “Sami se nepot\u00e1p\u00edme”.III.<\/strong>Dvojice pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f se pot\u00e1p\u011bla v jednom z polsk\u00fdch jezer. Pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed prob\u00edhalo typicky ze b\u0159ehu na svahu jezera, v dal\u0161\u00edch dnech se pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di pot\u00e1p\u011bli st\u00e1le hloub\u011bji a hloub\u011bji, zhruba v 15 a\u017e 20 metrech, kdy p\u0159ekra\u010dovali hranici, pod n\u00ed\u017e se \u00fapln\u011b setm\u011blo, ale d\u00edky sv\u00edtiln\u00e1m bylo vid\u011bt skute\u010dn\u011b v\u0161echno. Ponory se zd\u00e1ly b\u00fdt naprosto snadn\u00e9, sestupovalo se pod z\u00f3nu nebo z\u00f3nu soumraku a pod termoklinu, kde se teplota vody pohybovala kolem 6 stup\u0148\u016f, krom\u011b m\u00edrn\u00e9ho zamrznut\u00ed nebyly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, a\u017e jednou v hloubce 30 m jednomu z pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f zamrzl oblak bublin, tlakom\u011br rychle klesal. Pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d po\u017e\u00e1dal sv\u00e9ho partnera o vzduch a za\u010dali se vertik\u00e1ln\u011b vyno\u0159ovat sm\u011brem k hladin\u011b. B\u011bhem v\u00fdstupu (ve tm\u011b) m\u011bli pot\u00ed\u017ee s kontrolou vztlaku a sou\u010dasnou rovnom\u011brnou a paraleln\u00ed rychlost\u00ed v\u00fdstupu. Jeden z pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f vypustil p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho vzduchu ze vztlakov\u00e9ho vaku a za\u010dal stahovat p\u00e1ru dol\u016f. Sna\u017eili se dr\u017eet pohromad\u011b, ale v ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku je rozd\u00edly ve vztlaku rozd\u011blily a, jak se dalo vy\u010d\u00edst z pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de utonul\u00e9ho, ud\u011blali n\u011bkolik kli\u010dek nahoru a dol\u016f a pak klesli ke dnu. D\u00e1le byl graf ploch\u00fd. To je sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 jedn\u00e9 typick\u00e9 smrteln\u00e9 nehody p\u0159i pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed. V dob\u011b nehody byl doty\u010dn\u00fd s\u00e1m, ale p\u0159edt\u00edm se pot\u00e1p\u011bl v t\u00fdmu, ale situace byla p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1, i kdy\u017e se zd\u00e1la dost snadn\u00e1. Takov\u00e9 ponory, kter\u00e9 vedou p\u0159\u00edmo k m\u00edstu poruchy, jsou takovou past\u00ed a jedn\u00edm z nich je pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed pod\u00e9l svahu, kde pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di vid\u00ed dno a\u017e k m\u00edstu poruchy. Pono\u0159it se a vyno\u0159it se pod\u00e9l svahu, dokonce i ve tm\u011b, nen\u00ed nic obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9ho, ale nouzov\u00fd vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdstup bez lana, tedy bez z\u00e1chytn\u00e9ho bodu, vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci dvou pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f v nouzi, byl nad jejich schopnosti. Takov\u00fd v\u00fdstup vy\u017eaduje zna\u010dnou zru\u010dnost a tak\u00e9 hodn\u011b partnersk\u00e9 flotace.<\/p>\n\n
V popsan\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jsou rady, jak takov\u00e9 nehod\u011b p\u0159edej\u00edt, slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a vy\u017eaduj\u00ed v\u00edce pr\u00e1ce\/\u0161kolen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Za prv\u00e9, p\u0159i pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed ponor\u016f zva\u017ete, jak bude ponor prob\u00edhat po jedn\u00e9 z docela pravd\u011bpodobn\u00fdch poruch – zamrznut\u00ed automatu ve studen\u00e9 vod\u011b.Pokud nejste p\u0159ipraveni v takov\u00e9 situaci reagovat, zm\u011b\u0148te pl\u00e1n:<\/p>\n\n
\n
Pono\u0159te se za lano.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Nevstupujte do tmav\u00e9 z\u00f3ny<\/li>\n\n\n\n
Cvi\u010dte stoup\u00e1n\u00ed do hloubky nejprve ve sv\u011btl\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b a pot\u00e9 ve tm\u011b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
Podm\u00ednky prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n
Kdy\u017e se pot\u00e1p\u00edme nebo pl\u00e1nujeme pot\u00e1p\u011bt, jedna z d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bychom m\u011bli v\u011bnovat pozornost, mus\u00ed vych\u00e1zet z toho, zda jsou pro n\u00e1s podm\u00ednky ve vod\u011b p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee pr\u016fvodci provozuj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1kladnu by m\u011bli br\u00e1t v \u00favahu na\u0161e schopnosti, ale n\u011bkdy se pod tlakem pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f spletou a rozhodnou se zorganizovat ponor v situaci, kdy je to prost\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9. N\u011bkdy je lep\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1t u vody a \u0159\u00edct si: “Dneska do vody nep\u016fjdu”, ne\u017e se pustit do n\u011b\u010deho, co je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9. Pokud se ji\u017e rozhodnete pot\u00e1p\u011bt, pamatujte, \u017ee v takov\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch jsou je\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e1 omezen\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed vzduchu, s n\u00edm\u017e se vyno\u0159ujete, maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed hloubka a hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed partnera. Ve skute\u010dnosti je nepr\u016fjezdn\u00e1.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n
IV.<\/strong>Zde je p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o jednom ponoru, kdy se skupina pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f pot\u00e1p\u011bla za pom\u011brn\u011b velk\u00e9ho vlnobit\u00ed a musela se pot\u00e9 dostat na b\u0159eh p\u0159es tzv. \u00fazk\u00e9 ka\u0148ony nebo tunely, kter\u00e9 za dobr\u00fdch podm\u00ednek pom\u00e1haly dostat se na \u00fates, ale za siln\u00e9ho vlnobit\u00ed se uk\u00e1zaly b\u00fdt tak trochu past\u00ed, kterou bylo velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 proj\u00edt. Kdy\u017e se to u n\u011bkter\u00fdch lid\u00ed p\u0159ekr\u00fdvalo s n\u00edzkou z\u00e1sobou vzduchu, m\u011blo to za n\u00e1sledek, \u017ee se \u010dlov\u011bk, kter\u00fd byl pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b trochu fyzicky slab\u0161\u00ed, nedok\u00e1zal vr\u00e1tit a bohu\u017eel mu v takov\u00e9 meze\u0159e do\u0161el pod vodou vzduch a utopil se.<\/p>\n\n
Jak je vid\u011bt z popsan\u00e9ho sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e, je t\u0159eba se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dr\u017eet z\u00e1klad\u016f:<\/p>\n\n
\n
Nepot\u00e1p\u00edme se sami – nikdy<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
Sledujeme rezervu 50 atm.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00edme o pl\u00e1nu pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nouze a o tom, zda situace nep\u0159ekro\u010d\u00ed na\u0161e schopnosti nebo zku\u0161enosti.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Bezpe\u010dnost na v\u00fdletech nebo pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00fdch v\u00fdprav\u00e1ch souvis\u00ed s n\u011bkolika situacemi, kter\u00e9 bohu\u017eel b\u011bhem v\u00fdprav \u010das od \u010dasu nastanou. Probl\u00e9mem jsou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm podm\u00ednky prost\u0159ed\u00ed, a nejde jen o to, \u017ee se pot\u00e1p\u00edme na r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edstech r\u016fzn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o to, \u017ee tyto podm\u00ednky mohou b\u00fdt velmi prom\u011bnliv\u00e9, co\u017e n\u00e1s \u010dasto p\u0159ekvap\u00ed. K tomu se p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":31228,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[96,100,98,97,99],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36066","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-cs","category-freediving-cs","category-potapeni-scuba","category-pro-pokrocile","category-pro-zacatecniky"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deepspot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36066","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deepspot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deepspot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deepspot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deepspot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36066"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.deepspot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36066\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36077,"href":"https:\/\/www.deepspot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36066\/revisions\/36077"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deepspot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31228"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deepspot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36066"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deepspot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36066"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deepspot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36066"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
![\"Potápění\"](\"https:\/\/eco3ygde435.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Nurkowanie-Scuba-Diving.jpg?strip=all\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n![\"Příprava](\"https:\/\/eco3ygde435.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Przygotowanie-do-nurkowania-683x1024.jpg?strip=all\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n![\"Potápěčské](\"https:\/\/eco3ygde435.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Sprzet-do-nurkowania.jpg?strip=all\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n![\"Vstup](\"https:\/\/eco3ygde435.exactdn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2023\/05\/Wejscie-do-wody.jpg?strip=all\")
<\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"