{"id":36199,"date":"2021-10-21T11:13:36","date_gmt":"2021-10-21T09:13:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deepspot.com\/koralove-utesy-co-jsou-koralove-utesy-a-kdo-je-buduje\/"},"modified":"2024-05-20T10:55:27","modified_gmt":"2024-05-20T08:55:27","slug":"koralove-utesy-co-jsou-koralove-utesy-a-kdo-je-buduje","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deepspot.com\/cs\/koralove-utesy-co-jsou-koralove-utesy-a-kdo-je-buduje\/","title":{"rendered":"Kor\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u00fatesy – co jsou kor\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u00fatesy a kdo je buduje?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Kor\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u00fatesy jsou podmo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00fatvary tvo\u0159en\u00e9 kor\u00e1ly<\/strong>. Specifick\u00e9 druhy kor\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed tvrd\u00e9 v\u00e1pencov\u00e9 struktury, pomalu tvo\u0159\u00ed tvrdou horninu, kter\u00e1 je z\u00e1kladem \u00fatesu. Druhy kor\u00e1l\u016f stav\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch \u00fatesy zahrnujeme pod spole\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1zev madrepor\u00e1ln\u00ed kor\u00e1ly. Kor\u00e1lov\u00ed polypi jsou obecn\u011b koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00e9 struktury, ale \u00fatesov\u00ed polypi tvo\u0159\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed v\u00e1penat\u00e9 kostry, kter\u00e9 jsou zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za budov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kladny kor\u00e1lov\u00e9ho \u00fatesu. <\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

R\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy kor\u00e1l\u016f madrepor nejsou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b bl\u00edzce p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9, ale maj\u00ed podobnou strukturu a funkci. Tito kor\u00e1li \u017eij\u00ed v symbi\u00f3ze s \u0159asami <\/strong>(ka\u017ed\u00fd druh kor\u00e1lu si “p\u011bstuje” vlastn\u00ed \u0159asy), tzv. zooxantely, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed kor\u00e1lov\u00fdm polyp\u016fm energetick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed fotosynt\u00e9zou. D\u00edky t\u00e9to spolupr\u00e1ci se kor\u00e1l\u016fm velmi dob\u0159e da\u0159\u00ed i ve vod\u00e1ch oce\u00e1n\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou celkov\u011b chud\u00e9 na \u017eiviny. \u00datesotvorn\u00fdm kor\u00e1l\u016fm se z\u00e1rove\u0148 nejl\u00e9pe da\u0159\u00ed tam, kde je m\u011blk\u00e1 a \u010dist\u00e1 voda. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu jsou nejkr\u00e1sn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fatesy vytvo\u0159eny v bl\u00edzkosti ostrov\u016f, mimo dosah zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad bahno z velk\u00fdch \u0159ek vl\u00e9vaj\u00edc\u00edch se do oce\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n\n

Kor\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u00fatesy zab\u00edraj\u00ed jen malou – pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed – \u010d\u00e1st oce\u00e1n\u016f, ale vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch druh\u016f. \u00datesy, kter\u00e9 zab\u00edraj\u00ed asi 0,1 % povrchu oce\u00e1nu, jsou domovem 25 % v\u0161ech oce\u00e1nsk\u00fdch druh\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

\n Jak vznik\u00e1 kor\u00e1lov\u00fd \u00fates a z \u010deho se skl\u00e1d\u00e1?<\/strong>\n <\/h2>\n\n

Madreporn\u00ed kor\u00e1li vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed v\u00e1penat\u00e9 exoskelety<\/strong> (tj. vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kostry), kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed tvrd\u00e9 struktury, je\u017e jsou z\u00e1kladem \u017eiv\u00fdch polyp\u016f. Po jejich odum\u0159en\u00ed se na povrchu vyv\u00edjej\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed \u017eiv\u00ed polypi a zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed tvrd\u00e1 v\u00e1pencov\u00e1 struktura tvo\u0159\u00ed tvrd\u00e9 j\u00e1dro. Neust\u00e1l\u00fdm r\u016fstem nov\u00fdch \u017eiv\u00fdch polyp\u016f a hromad\u011bn\u00edm tvrd\u00e9 v\u00e1pencov\u00e9 struktury se pomalu vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed kor\u00e1lov\u00e1 “sk\u00e1la”.<\/p>\n\n

R\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy kor\u00e1l\u016f tvo\u0159\u00edc\u00edch \u00fatesy maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 charakteristick\u00e9 tvary. Vrchn\u00ed, \u017eiv\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st polyp\u016f tvo\u0159\u00ed horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed struktury p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed stoly, rohovit\u00e9 struktury, velk\u00e9 hl\u00edzy nebo “mozky”. Vz\u00e1jemn\u011b se prostupuj\u00ed, rostou z povrchu a po odum\u0159en\u00ed zanech\u00e1vaj\u00ed tvrd\u00e9 v\u00e1pencov\u00e9 nitro a pomalu vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed rostlou v\u00e1pencovou sk\u00e1lu. Tato sk\u00e1la m\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9 struktu\u0159e viditeln\u00e9“otisky”<\/strong>d\u00e1vn\u00fdch kor\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 ji vytvo\u0159ily. Z jeho pr\u016flomu je patrn\u00e9, \u017ee nevznikl jako b\u011b\u017en\u00fd v\u00e1penec nahromad\u011bn\u00edm velmi jemn\u00fdch mikroorganism\u016f, ale z v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch otiskovan\u00fdch kor\u00e1lov\u00fdch struktur.<\/p>\n\n

Proto\u017ee kor\u00e1li pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed ke sv\u00e9mu r\u016fstu sv\u011btlo <\/strong>(energii z\u00edskanou \u0159asami p\u0159i fotosynt\u00e9ze<\/strong>) a mikroorganismy zachycen\u00e9 polypy z vody, vyv\u00edjej\u00ed se kor\u00e1li madrepor nejrychleji v m\u011blk\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b, kter\u00e1 je neust\u00e1le om\u00fdv\u00e1na novou vodou p\u0159it\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed s proudem a vlnami. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj madreporov\u00fdch kor\u00e1l\u016f, a tedy jejich \u00fatesotvorn\u00e1 \u010dinnost, spolu s p\u0159irozen\u00fdmi pohyby mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho dna v\u016f\u010di vodn\u00ed hladin\u011b vedly v pr\u016fb\u011bhu statis\u00edc\u016f let ke vzniku atol\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch \u00fatvar\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

\n Kde se vyskytuj\u00ed kor\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u00fatesy?<\/strong>\n <\/h2>\n\n

Typick\u00e9 kor\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u00fatesy tvo\u0159en\u00e9 kor\u00e1ly madrepora se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v oblastech, kde teplota vody nekles\u00e1 pod 18-20 stup\u0148\u016f a nep\u0159esahuje 30 stup\u0148\u016f. Nej\u010dast\u011bji se vyskytuj\u00ed v oblastech mezi 30 stupni severn\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky a 30 stupni ji\u017en\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky. Mus\u00ed to b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 oblasti, kde dobr\u00e1 \u010distota vody zaji\u0161\u0165uje p\u0159\u00edsun sv\u011btla pro \u0159asy \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v symbi\u00f3ze s \u00fatesotvorn\u00fdmi polypy.<\/p>\n\n

Mezi oblasti s kr\u00e1sn\u00fdmi kor\u00e1lov\u00fdmi \u00fatesy pat\u0159\u00ed Rud\u00e9 mo\u0159e, Velk\u00fd bari\u00e9rov\u00fd \u00fates v Austr\u00e1lii, \u00fatesy kolem ostrov\u016f Mikron\u00e9sie a Polyn\u00e9sie a \u00fatesy v Karibiku.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

\n Pro\u010d um\u00edraj\u00ed kor\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u00fatesy?<\/strong>\n <\/h2>\n\n

Vym\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed kor\u00e1l\u016f madrepor a t\u00edm i ohro\u017een\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed existence \u00fates\u016f<\/strong> souvis\u00ed s n\u011bkolika faktory. Mezi tyto hrozby pat\u0159\u00ed zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se teplota oce\u00e1n\u016f, zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 \u010dlov\u011bkem, nadm\u011brn\u00fd rybolov, zejm\u00e9na n\u011bkter\u00fdch druh\u016f \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem vlivu \u010dlov\u011bka na ni\u010den\u00ed \u00fates\u016f je fenom\u00e9n nadm\u011brn\u00e9ho mno\u017een\u00ed mohutn\u00fdch hv\u011bzdic zvan\u00fdch trnov\u00e9 koruny<\/strong>. Tato mimochodem kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 a p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u017easn\u011b vypadaj\u00edc\u00ed hv\u011bzdice se \u017eiv\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eiv\u00fdch kor\u00e1l\u016f. \u00datesem se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b \u017eiv\u00ed velmi mnoho \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f, ale probl\u00e9mem je jako obvykle rovnov\u00e1ha. Na trnkov\u00e9 korun\u011b se \u017eiv\u00ed pl\u017e s kr\u00e1snou ulitou, triton obrovsk\u00fd<\/strong> (Charonia tritonis<\/strong> ). Tento pl\u017e je v\u0161ak masov\u011b sb\u00edr\u00e1n pro svou kr\u00e1snou ulitu a vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee neexistuje pred\u00e1tor, kter\u00fd by populaci trnuchy korunov\u00e9 kontroloval, zp\u016fsobuje n\u00e1r\u016fst po\u010dtu pl\u017e\u016f nadm\u011brn\u00e9 ni\u010den\u00ed kor\u00e1lov\u00fdch \u00fates\u016f. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech prob\u00edhaj\u00ed pokusy o sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed po\u010dtu jedinc\u016f trnuchy obecn\u00e9, ale jejich odchyt lidmi je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fd a ukazuje, jak obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 je obnovit rovnov\u00e1hu tam, kde ji naru\u0161ila lidsk\u00e1 \u010dinnost.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

\n Jak zachr\u00e1nit kor\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u00fatesy?<\/strong>\n <\/h2>\n\n

Kor\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u00fatesy, kter\u00e9 miz\u00ed v d\u016fsledku zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a p\u0159eh\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed vody, se sna\u017e\u00edme zachr\u00e1nit <\/strong>a obnovit<\/strong>. V mnoha oblastech se um\u011bl\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny kor\u00e1lov\u00fdch \u00fates\u016f<\/strong> vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed roubov\u00e1n\u00edm \u017eiv\u00fdch polyp\u016f. Tyto metody v\u0161ak maj\u00ed \u0161anci pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee byl odstran\u011bn faktor, kter\u00fd \u00fates ni\u010d\u00ed, tak\u017ee vy\u017eaduj\u00ed zlep\u0161en\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve po\u0161kozen\u00fdch podm\u00ednek. Z\u00e1chrana ohro\u017een\u00fdch \u00fates\u016f obecn\u011b spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed otrav\u011b a zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f. K probl\u00e9m\u016fm s \u010distotou vody se p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 i probl\u00e9m zvy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se teploty vody v d\u016fsledku glob\u00e1ln\u00edho oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed a zm\u011bn sm\u011bru st\u00e1l\u00fdch oce\u00e1nsk\u00fdch proud\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n

\n Kor\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u00fatesy a pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>\n <\/h2>\n\n

Kor\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u00fatesy jsou r\u00e1jem pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d\u016f<\/strong> d\u00edky vytvo\u0159en\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje neuv\u011b\u0159itelnou hustotu rozmanit\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch druh\u016f. Sou\u010dasn\u011b je pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed, a\u0165 u\u017e ve form\u011b \u0161norchlov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a> nebo pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed<\/a>, metodou, jak se na tato kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 m\u00edsta dostat. Bez pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed by pro n\u00e1s byl sv\u011bt uzav\u0159en\u00fd. Nau\u010dit se pot\u00e1p\u011bt<\/a> je prvn\u00edm krokem k dosa\u017een\u00ed tohoto kr\u00e1sn\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. U\u017e sledov\u00e1n\u00ed film\u016f ukazuj\u00edc\u00edch podmo\u0159sk\u00fd \u017eivot na \u00fatesech je siln\u00fdm z\u00e1\u017eitkem, ale dostat se na m\u00edsta, kde se pot\u00e1p\u00edte v pr\u016fzra\u010dn\u011b modr\u00e9 vod\u011b a na vlastn\u00ed o\u010di vid\u00edte pestrobarevn\u00e9 tvory na pozad\u00ed n\u00e1dhern\u00fdch \u00fates\u016f, je neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed. Chcete vid\u011bt podmo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00fatesy, nau\u010dte se pot\u00e1p\u011bt. Nau\u010d\u00edte se pot\u00e1p\u011bt, uvid\u00edte \u00fatesy.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kor\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u00fatesy jsou podmo\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00fatvary tvo\u0159en\u00e9 kor\u00e1ly. Specifick\u00e9 druhy kor\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed tvrd\u00e9 v\u00e1pencov\u00e9 struktury, pomalu tvo\u0159\u00ed tvrdou horninu, kter\u00e1 je z\u00e1kladem \u00fatesu. Druhy kor\u00e1l\u016f stav\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch \u00fatesy zahrnujeme pod spole\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1zev madrepor\u00e1ln\u00ed kor\u00e1ly. Kor\u00e1lov\u00ed polypi jsou obecn\u011b koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00e9 struktury, ale \u00fatesov\u00ed polypi tvo\u0159\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed v\u00e1penat\u00e9 kostry, kter\u00e9 jsou zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za budov\u00e1n\u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":13464,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[96,100,98,99],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36199","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-cs","category-freediving-cs","category-potapeni-scuba","category-pro-zacatecniky"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nKor\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u00fatesy - co jsou kor\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u00fatesy a kdo je buduje? - Deepspot<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Deepspot \u27a4 Kor\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u00fatesy - co jsou kor\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u00fatesy a kdo je buduje?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.deepspot.com\/cs\/koralove-utesy-co-jsou-koralove-utesy-a-kdo-je-buduje\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kor\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u00fatesy - co jsou kor\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u00fatesy a kdo je buduje? 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