{"id":36526,"date":"2022-03-15T09:49:37","date_gmt":"2022-03-15T08:49:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deepspot.com\/filipiny\/"},"modified":"2024-05-20T10:49:45","modified_gmt":"2024-05-20T08:49:45","slug":"filipiny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deepspot.com\/cs\/filipiny\/","title":{"rendered":"Filip\u00edny"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Filip\u00edny – geografie<\/h2>\n\n

Filip\u00edny jsou rozlehl\u00e9 souostrov\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 zem\u011b, kter\u00e1 zab\u00edr\u00e1 celkem asi sedm tis\u00edc ostrov\u016f. Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se mezi Tchaj-wanem, Indon\u00e9si\u00ed a Malajsi\u00ed (ostrov Borneo) a na v\u00fdchod\u011b je od Tich\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu “odd\u011blen” Filip\u00ednsk\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkopem, kter\u00fd je hlubok\u00fd v\u00edce ne\u017e deset kilometr\u016f. Filip\u00edny byly velmi dlouhou dobu koloni\u00ed ovl\u00e1danou n\u00e1jezdn\u00edky. Po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce se v\u0161ak osamostatnily. Filip\u00edny jsou velmi hust\u011b os\u00eddlen\u00e9, na plo\u0161e podobn\u00e9 Polsku (300 000 km2) \u017eije v\u00edce ne\u017e sto milion\u016f lid\u00ed. Popisem pouze nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ostrov\u016f a jejich um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed v r\u00e1mci souostrov\u00ed lze vytvo\u0159it mo\u017en\u00e1 zjednodu\u0161en\u00fd, ale pom\u011brn\u011b spr\u00e1vn\u00fd obraz souostrov\u00ed. Na severu se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 mohutn\u00fd ostrov Luzon, na jihu Filip\u00edny ohrani\u010duje dal\u0161\u00ed velk\u00fd ostrov Mindanao a mezi nimi se nach\u00e1z\u00ed oblast Visayas tvo\u0159en\u00e1 \u0159adou st\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f (Panay, Negros, Cebu, Bohol, Leyte a Samar). Oblast Visayas zahrnuje ostrovy, kde se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed nejlep\u0161\u00ed pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010dsk\u00e9 lokality na Filip\u00edn\u00e1ch, ale o tom a\u017e pozd\u011bji. Rozloha filip\u00ednsk\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed je skute\u010dn\u011b impozantn\u00ed. Souostrov\u00ed m\u011b\u0159\u00ed od severu k jihu asi tis\u00edc p\u011bt set kilometr\u016f a od z\u00e1padu k v\u00fdchodu se t\u00e1hne v d\u00e9lce tis\u00edc kilometr\u016f. Organizace \u017eivota v takov\u00e9 zemi je skute\u010dnou v\u00fdzvou, ale pro turisty je tato mocn\u00e1 zem\u011b a z\u00e1rove\u0148 souostrov\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed ke skute\u010dn\u011b exotick\u00e9mu v\u00fdletu.<\/p>\n\n

Filip\u00edny – historie<\/h2>\n\n

Filip\u00edny byly od 16. stolet\u00ed \u0161pan\u011blskou koloni\u00ed a toto obdob\u00ed zanechalo velmi v\u00fdrazn\u00fd otisk jak na star\u00e9 architektu\u0159e, tak na organizaci \u017eivota. Na p\u0159elomu 19. a 20. stolet\u00ed, po v\u00e1lce \u0160pan\u011blska s USA, se Filip\u00edny staly americk\u00fdm protektor\u00e1tem. B\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky je dobylo Japonsko, po osvobozen\u00ed (v roce 1946) se stalo nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm st\u00e1tem a udr\u017eovalo velmi \u00fazk\u00e9 vztahy s USA. I kdy\u017e je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 vn\u00edmat USA jako n\u011bjak\u00e9ho \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edtele Filip\u00edn, na pozad\u00ed toho, jak s Filip\u00ednci zach\u00e1zeli Japonci, a ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s velmi vzd\u00e1len\u00fdm koloni\u00e1ln\u00edm podman\u011bn\u00edm \u0160pan\u011blska jsou USA na Filip\u00edn\u00e1ch vn\u00edm\u00e1ny docela dob\u0159e. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b trochu zt\u011b\u017ekl kontrast s otrok\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi vztahy za \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9ho a japonsk\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed a trochu hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd r\u016fst, kter\u00fd zajistily dobr\u00e9 vztahy s USA.<\/p>\n\n

\"Památky<\/figure>\n\n

Filip\u00edny – obyvatel\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n

Filip\u00ednci jsou \u00fa\u017easnou etnickou sm\u011bsic\u00ed. Hovo\u0159\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e sto osmdes\u00e1ti jazyky a spole\u010dn\u00e1 \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed filip\u00edn\u0161tina a angli\u010dtina umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci. To, co Filip\u00ednce v tomto ofici\u00e1ln\u011b sekul\u00e1rn\u00edm st\u00e1t\u011b spojuje, je n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Po \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 kolonizaci jsou Filip\u00edny os\u00eddleny p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b katol\u00edky, k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 (hlavn\u011b katol\u00edci) tvo\u0159\u00ed 89 % filip\u00ednsk\u00e9 populace, 6 % tvo\u0159\u00ed muslimov\u00e9, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v oblasti Mindanao.<\/p>\n\n

Velk\u00fd po\u010det Filip\u00ednc\u016f pracuje v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Je to tak trochu zem\u011b n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edk\u016f a ch\u016fv, kter\u00e9 pos\u00edlaj\u00ed zna\u010dnou \u010d\u00e1st pen\u011bz sv\u00fdm rodin\u00e1m. Na Filip\u00edn\u00e1ch dokonce existuje speci\u00e1ln\u00ed slu\u017eba, kter\u00e1 se v\u011bnuje podpo\u0159e Filip\u00ednc\u016f vracej\u00edc\u00edch se po letech do vlasti.<\/p>\n\n

Filip\u00edny – anglicky<\/h2>\n\n

Filip\u00ednci kladou velk\u00fd d\u016fraz na v\u00fduku angli\u010dtiny. Angli\u010dtina je druh\u00fdm \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edm jazykem a vyu\u010duje se nejen od z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161koly, ale v angli\u010dtin\u011b se vyu\u010duj\u00ed i n\u011bkter\u00e9 p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty. Kdy\u017e se zastav\u00edte na n\u011bjak\u00e9 \u0161koln\u00ed oslav\u011b, m\u016f\u017eete si s p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm v\u0161imnout, \u017ee filip\u00ednsk\u00fd u\u010ditel opakuje stejn\u00e9 v\u011bty dvakr\u00e1t. Jednou \u0159ekne v\u011btu filip\u00ednsky a pak ji pln\u011b zopakuje anglicky. Mimochodem, tento zvyk lze pozorovat i p\u0159i projevech politik\u016f v televizi. Opakuj\u00ed po sob\u011b v\u011bty ve filip\u00edn\u0161tin\u011b, pak v angli\u010dtin\u011b a n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b pot\u0159et\u00ed ve \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tin\u011b. Obecn\u011b se s t\u00edmto p\u0159\u00edstupem domluv\u00edte anglicky i v t\u00e9 nejmen\u0161\u00ed filip\u00ednsk\u00e9 vesnici.<\/p>\n\n

\"Potápěčské<\/figure>\n\n

Filip\u00edny – klima<\/h2>\n\n

Podneb\u00ed Filip\u00edn je typick\u00e9 rovn\u00edkov\u00e9 podneb\u00ed s v\u00fdrazn\u00fdmi rysy monzunov\u00e9ho klimatu. Chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obdob\u00ed sucha trv\u00e1 od prosince do konce \u00fanora. Od b\u0159ezna do kv\u011btna se otepluje, ale sr\u00e1\u017eek je st\u00e1le pom\u011brn\u011b m\u00e1lo. Od \u010dervna do listopadu je zde horko a velmi vlhko, a to je tak\u00e9 obdob\u00ed tajfun\u016f, v jejich\u017e dr\u00e1ze Filip\u00edny le\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Ro\u010dn\u00ed \u00fahrn sr\u00e1\u017eek m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt a\u017e 5 000 mm, co\u017e je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 desetkr\u00e1t v\u00edce ne\u017e v Polsku, a pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd \u00fahrn sr\u00e1\u017eek je 2 000 mm.<\/p>\n\n

\"Filipínská<\/figure>\n\n

Manila – hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Filip\u00edn a br\u00e1na do r\u00e1je<\/h2>\n\n

Hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem Filip\u00edn je Manila – star\u00e9, kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 m\u011bsto s koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed architekturou a tis\u00edci ulicemi, obchody, restauracemi a bohu\u017eel tak\u00e9 tis\u00edci chudinsk\u00fdmi \u010dtvrt\u011bmi Manilu s p\u0159ilehl\u00fdmi oblastmi ob\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e 23 milion\u016f lid\u00ed, co\u017e z n\u00ed \u010din\u00ed \u010dtvrt\u00e9 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u011bsto na sv\u011bt\u011b po Tokiu, Jakart\u011b a Dill\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Na Filip\u00edny pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b doraz\u00edme pouh\u00fdm p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00edm na leti\u0161ti v Manile. Samotn\u00fd za\u010d\u00e1tek filip\u00ednsk\u00e9ho dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed je \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd. Filip\u00ednci jsou p\u0159\u00e1tel\u0161t\u00ed, usm\u011bvav\u00ed a na silnic\u00edch, chodn\u00edc\u00edch i v obchodech je kolem n\u00e1s \u017eivo. Pokud nelet\u00edte s organizovan\u00fdm z\u00e1jezdem, je dobr\u00e9 m\u00edt rezervovan\u00fd hotel na 1-2 dny po p\u0159\u00edletu a pak na m\u00edst\u011b zjistit, jak nejl\u00e9pe realizovat sv\u016fj itiner\u00e1\u0159.<\/p>\n\n

Pokud jde o typickou turistiku, Manila sama o sob\u011b nab\u00edz\u00ed \u00fa\u017easn\u00e1 m\u00edsta k n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b. Prozkoum\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm Manily lze str\u00e1vit cel\u00fd \u017eivot, stejn\u011b jako n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvou jak\u00e9hokoli zaj\u00edmav\u00e9ho m\u00edsta, ale jako pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di nebo jin\u00ed turist\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed na “zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed” m\u00edsta zde \u010dasto str\u00e1v\u00edme jen 1-2 dny.<\/p>\n\n

S tak kr\u00e1tk\u00fdm \u010dasem se mus\u00edte zam\u011b\u0159it na to nejlep\u0161\u00ed z nejlep\u0161\u00edho, tedy na star\u00e9 \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 opevn\u011bn\u00ed ze 16. stolet\u00ed – “Intramuros”. Prohl\u00eddka je del\u0161\u00ed proch\u00e1zkou kolem opevn\u011bn\u00ed s kr\u00e1sn\u011b udr\u017eovan\u00fdmi tr\u00e1vn\u00edky, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 a neust\u00e1le “hran\u00e9” golfov\u00e9 h\u0159i\u0161t\u011b kolem pevnosti. Na mostech p\u0159es tr\u00e1vn\u00edk vedouc\u00edch do nitra Intramuros jsou dokonce cedule s n\u00e1pisem “Pozor na koule”. Za n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu rozhodn\u011b stoj\u00ed tak\u00e9 manilsk\u00e1 katedr\u00e1la, kter\u00e1 je sice rekonstrukc\u00ed katedr\u00e1ly zni\u010den\u00e9 b\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, ale m\u00e1 \u00fa\u017easnou atmosf\u00e9ru s velmi naturalistick\u00fdmi sochami Krista, kter\u00e9 na n\u00e1s p\u016fsobily trochu stra\u0161ideln\u011b. No, a v Manile je proch\u00e1zka na jak\u00fdkoli bazar s v\u00fdborn\u00fdm j\u00eddlem a \u00fat\u011bk do postrann\u00edch uli\u010dek za je\u0161t\u011b lep\u0161\u00edmi restauracemi nutnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Z Manily je velmi snadn\u00e9 a relativn\u011b levn\u00e9 let\u011bt m\u00edstn\u00edmi aerolinkami prakticky na v\u0161echny v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ostrovy souostrov\u00ed, ale pokud nesp\u011bch\u00e1te, volba trajektu v\u00e1s jist\u011b konfrontuje s m\u00edstn\u00edm \u017eivotem a exotikou. Dal\u0161\u00ed atrakc\u00ed bude tanec kotv\u00edc\u00edch pos\u00e1dek, kter\u00e9, stejn\u011b jako my p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety, tan\u010dily na standard Papaya Urszuly Dudziak (velmi popul\u00e1rn\u00ed na Filip\u00edn\u00e1ch). T\u00fdmy tan\u010d\u00ed na stejnou melodii, ale maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed “osobn\u00ed” choreografie. Bylo to \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

\"Letadlo<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Filip\u00edny – geografie Filip\u00edny jsou rozlehl\u00e9 souostrov\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 zem\u011b, kter\u00e1 zab\u00edr\u00e1 celkem asi sedm tis\u00edc ostrov\u016f. Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se mezi Tchaj-wanem, Indon\u00e9si\u00ed a Malajsi\u00ed (ostrov Borneo) a na v\u00fdchod\u011b je od Tich\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu “odd\u011blen” Filip\u00ednsk\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkopem, kter\u00fd je hlubok\u00fd v\u00edce ne\u017e deset kilometr\u016f. Filip\u00edny byly velmi dlouhou dobu koloni\u00ed ovl\u00e1danou n\u00e1jezdn\u00edky. Po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":19578,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[96],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36526","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-cs"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deepspot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36526","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deepspot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deepspot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deepspot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deepspot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36526"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.deepspot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36526\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36536,"href":"https:\/\/www.deepspot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36526\/revisions\/36536"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deepspot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19578"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.deepspot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36526"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deepspot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36526"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.deepspot.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36526"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}